Charcoal

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=**Charcoal Techniques**= Charcoal, chalk, and sanguine crayons are dry to the touch and have a covering power that makes a strong impression on the surface of a paper. Because they are made of fine particles, they are applied to the paper by friction and can produce a great variety of lines, gradations, and blends. These media have a great affinity for drawing based on a tonal approach rather than on a strictly linear one, and can produce outstanding results. Their versatility makes them indispensable as tools for the serious artist. To maximize performance, however, it is important to understand the possibilities of their line, their application, their combination and the various effects that can be achieved using them.

=Lesson plan=

= = =History of charcoal= Charcoal is the oldest drawing medium. Charred wood was used by prehistoric man to draw outlines of animals in caves. In the ancient times twigs were charred in clay pots, today special kilns are used. Charcoal is produced from vine and willow twigs. Charcoal was also used in frescoes of the Renaissance era. It was also favored by famous artists such as Honore Daumier, Edgar Degas and Paul Cezanne who worked with oil based paintings and mixed mediums.

=**Charcoal head study by Daniel**=

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Analysis of A Work of Art : Perspective Drawing Group Evaluation
Rubric by Rubistar generators. http://rubistar.4teachers.org/
 * CATEGORY || 100 to 90 = A || 90 to 80 = B || 80 to 70 = C || 70 to 60 = D ||
 * Description || Makes a complete and detailed description of the subject matter and/or elements seen in a work. || Makes a detailed description of most of the subject matter and/or elements seen in a work. || Makes a detailed description of some of the subject matter and/or elements seen in a work. || Descriptions are not detailed or complete. ||
 * Analysis || Accurately describes several dominant elements or principles used by the artist and accurately relates how they are used by the artist to reinforce the theme, meaning, mood, or feeling of the artwork. || Accurately describes a couple of dominant elements and principles used by the artist and accurately relates how these are used by the artist to reinforce the theme, meaning, mood, or feeling of the artwork. || Describes some dominant elements and principles used by the artist, but has difficulty describing how these relate to the meaning or feeling of the artwork. || Has trouble picking out the dominant elements. ||
 * Interpretation || Forms a somewhat reasonable hypothesis about the symbolic or metaphorical meaning and is able to support this with evidence from the work. || Student identifies the literal meaning of the work. || Student can relate how the work makes him/her feel personally. || Student finds it difficult to interpret the meaning of the work. ||
 * Evaluation || Uses multiple criteria to judge the artwork, such as composition, expression, creativity, design, communication of ideas. || Uses 1-2 criteria to judge the artwork. || Tries to use aesthetic criteria to judge artwork, but does not apply the criteria accurately. || Evaluates work as good or bad based on personal taste. ||

=**Tools of the Trade**= Hard charcoal and soft charcoal Newsprint Shader Kneaded eraser Spray fixative Instructional handout with samples = = =**References**= Drawing with Charcoal, Chalk, and Sanguine Crayon by Barron's Educational Series, Inc. 2006

The Artist's Manual produced for Gallery Books by QED Publishing Limited 1989.